Subjects: There's More Than One Way to Skin A Cat...

Graphic collections are complex, intricate creatures. Some might refer to them as "high maintenance" in a number of realms: preservation, collection development, access, description, organization. Subject headings are no exception. Multiple factors come into play when considering what and how many subject headings to assign a record so that it can be accessed by those who need it. When the target audience itself presents special challenges, that's when the fun begins.

Library of Congress Subject Headings
These are not intuitive to our target audience (or many others, for that matter), but we will likely be requested to keep these in for consistency's sake. Using these plus any we may manufacture (see section below) will result in several subject headings showing up on each record. I don't think that will be a problem as long as the more intuitive ones are first in line.

Here are several books that could be grouped simply or separated completely depending on the subject headings - And a list of subject headings that have appeared with these books:
Tigers -- Fiction.
Drooling -- Comic books, strips, etc.
Hobbes (Fictitious character) -- Comic books, strips, etc.
Wit and humor, Pictorial.
Cats -- Comic books, strips, etc.
Pets -- Comic books, strips, etc.
American wit and humor, Pictorial.
Cats -- Fiction.
Cartoons and comics.
Cats -- Caricatures and cartoons.
some have no subjects at all

Lexicon
Offering search terms beyond the LCSH allows further exploration of the library's collections. By meeting teens where they are, we can offer easier use of and, therefore, greater access to the collections. This can occur by using different terms for already established LCSH ("growing up" instead of "coming of age" or "memoir") or adding subject headings up front that might appear far down the line or not at all ("learning to drive", "braces", "report cards", "being grounded", "ninjas", "cats").

Tagging:
Sticking solely to LCSH focuses subject headings on lengthy phrases referring to art or drawing or comics with time period and country of origin. Adding intuitive subject headings allows teens to find what they need. Another way we can do this is by subject tagging these items. We could add it to the teen page of the website for a targeted effect; the catalog itself allows tagging, too. A tag cloud could be posted on the teen page. Teens would have an additional means of sparking their imagination with regard to reading choices.

Series Records - Going Beyond the Titles

by Beth Snow

A big consideration when it comes to cataloging and subject headings will be the ability to locate titles in a series.

I'm not refering to actual serials publications such as the DC/Marvel/Cartoon Network subscriptions--Justice League/Fantastic Four/Cartoon Block Party, et al--but to those works with a continuing storyline and actually published in a series of individual volumes that may look like independent editions to the uninitiated. Manga usually falls into this category:

Unlike fiction which may use a separate, distinct title for each book in a series, manga is distinguished by a number; thus, our patrons will be looking for a series title with a number listing--Fruits Basket 14, Bleach 2, etc. Teens will expect to search for a title, examine a list, and choose the volume they want.

To support access and service to patrons, I believe we should include a series search function: have a title search pull up a series name with a list of volumes in numerical order, have a series line in each record listing the name of series and volume number, have a cross-reference link to a spin-off series (Peach Girl, Peach Girl Change of Heart, Peach Girl Sae's Story, etc.). Because the stories in manga series build upon each other--much like soap operas--a series designation in the record is key help for enjoying the format.

Using WorldCat Lists for the big picture

by Emily Barney

WorldCat.org is an excellent tool to use if you would like to link to many sources housed in libraries around the world. To share these sources with other people, you can create a login and start making lists. You can make private lists, too, but public lists could be a great way to acquaint your local users with materials they could get using interlibrary loan if you can't afford to keep them in your collection.

Worldcat itself can sometimes be used for interlibrary loan - if your library is set up to do this, all the better reason to use these lists. You can annotate your list using the "details" tab or export citations in multiple formats by using the "citation" tab. We've created several lists for this project that you may have seen linked to in other posts, but here's the home page for them:

http://www.worldcat.org/profiles/GothamFreeLibrary/lists

I think it's pretty intuitive and fun to play with, but here's a little description if you don' t have time to play with it to figure it out:

You have to log in to add books to the lists or to make new lists. You can't comment on another person's list - it isn't a terribly "social" tool yet. It can also be hard to tell if you've already added a book when you work on adding new ones, but it still has some great features.

In the details view (the automatic tab) you can add notes about each book. The problem is, especially with long lists, you can only see 10 books at a time and it's hard to get to the end of the list.

In the "citation view" (the second tab) you can view a list of all the books in the list. You can sort the list several different ways, and you can choose between five different citation styles.

There are extra options only the person who makes the list can use:

You can write a short description paragraph that will show above the list, send the list to a group of people with a link to view it (how nice to use for a reading group or class!), or export the data. The Export data comes as a "CSV" file, which you can open as a table using most spreadsheet programs like Excel. And they have a handy print version too, that opens in a new window and will show all the books.

Collection - Related Materials

by Emily Barney

While the first part of our collection development plan will focus on a core list of graphic novels, comics, and manga titles, it's worthwhile to remember that there are many related materials that may make the collection more accessible and interesting for library patrons with little experience in this genre.

Reference Books:
There are many, many "reference" books available for these types of materials. This small sample shows encyclopedias of characters, histories of different genres, bibliographies, literary criticism, biographies of artists and authors, and a "how to draw" book:


You can view many more examples by browsing through our Worldcat List:
Reference Books About Comics & Graphic Novels (46 items)

The titles displayed above are:

• Goulart, Ron. 2004. Comic book encyclopedia the ultimate guide to characters, graphic novels, writers, and artists in the comic book universe. New York: HarperEntertainment.
• Gravett, Paul. 2004. Manga sixty years of Japanese comics. London: Laurence King.
• Gravett, Paul. 2005. Graphic novels everything you need to know. New York, NY: Collins Design.
• Kaplan, Arie. 2006. Masters of the comic book universe revealed! Chicago: Chicago Review Press.
• Lehmann, Timothy R. 2005. Manga masters of the art. New York: Collins Design.
• Misiroglu, Gina Renee, and David Roach. 2004. The superhero book the ultimate encyclopedia of comic-book icons and Hollywood heroes. Detroit: Visible Ink Press.
• Nagatomo, Haruno. 2003. Draw Your Own Manga: All the Basics. New York: Kodansha America.
  
• Robbins, Trina. 1999. From girls to grrrlz a history of [women's] comics from teens to zines. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.

How to Draw Books:
Don't forget that many fans also want to try their hand at creating their own "serial art" in the style of their favorite genre. There are hundreds of different books, ranging from simple "start with a circle" drawing books to specific guides for Manga transforming robots, cat-girls and villains.

It would probably be best to look at several examples once you know what your population skill level /interest level is. There are so many, but things like the quality of the explanations and how detailed the steps are will matter a lot in how useful your users find them. Books that just show pretty pictures and say "copy this!" are frustrating for beginners!

We have a couple lists of these on our Worldcat Lists page:
http://www.worldcat.org/profiles/GothamFreeLibrary/lists

• How to Draw - Comics
• How to Draw - Manga

If you have a lot of kids interested in creating their own work, perhaps a contest to have their work displayed in the library would help create even more interest in the collection. Here's an example of graphic art on display in the Serieteket Library in Stockholm, Sweden:

Serieteket, the library for comics and graphic literature

Originally uploaded by Michael Casey Used by permission.

Using a unified format and color scheme, like this one, can make any collection of drawings look great on a wall! Having their own art in the library will also encourage kids to bring in friends and family to see their work and build a sense of community ownership in the library.

Movies & Television - see this post

Websites

by Emily Barney and Maura McKee

These websites are great resources for collection development, for finding the best ways to describe the materials, and for finding reviews and other information that can be used to share the resources with our patrons. If you're aware of other good websites, feel free to leave more addresses in the comments!

No Flying No Tights
http://www.noflyingnotights.com/index2.html
This popular website is perfect because it reviews Graphic Novels for teens.They even have a “core lists” section for librarians and teachers that want to start developing a collection.

Columbia University's Graphic Novels Page
http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/eguides/graphic_novels/index.html
This website includes information about their own collection, including their collection development policy, and links to many more resources and guides. Their website provides both general-level information that would be interesting to fans and more specific information useful to librarians or anyone doing academic research in this field.

Gilles Poitras' http://www.koyagi.com
Includes a great "Librarian's Guide to Anime and Manga" and list of "Recommended Manga" as well.

Wikipedia
Wikipedia can be a wonderful source of information about these materials, often very well organized and documented with links to publishers, awards, and other relevant websites. Of course it would be wise to verify information from a more authoritative source, but the breadt h and depth of information available through these pages makes it a wonderful place to start. Here are a few of the applicable category pages where you can browse the sorts of information you can find on individual pages:

• USA Comic Books - there are separate categories by publisher, with amazingly detailed pages giving much more information about characters and history than you'll find even in the reference books. Here's are the top ones:
  
• DC Comics
• Marvel Comics

• Comic Strips (this category is primarily for "funnies" style comics)
  
• Artists
• Awards
• Genres

• Graphic Novels - less useful than the Comic Book categories, but may grow in the future
• Artists & Authors

• Manga
  
• Artists
  
• Awards
• Magazines
• Publishers
• Websites

• Webcomics - This is a hard category to quantify or review, since it is constantly changing, but the Wikipedia entry is as good a place as any to begin to familiarize yourself with them.

Collection - Movies & Television

by Emily Barney and Becky Haagsma

Another related group of materials are movies and television shows based on comic books, graphic novels and manga. For Manga, the animated equivalent is called "anime," but there are also live-action versions.

Since movies and television are a more universal pop culture media than comic books right now, the popularity of these movies could help you advertise and attract more users to a graphic novel collection.

Whether or not you would ever separate them out from your DVD collection, it would be worth having a short handout available in the Graphic Novel section and vice versa to help people browse to titles they'd be interested in. Here are a few examples:

The titles displayed above are:
300 - American Splendor - AVP: Alien vs. Predator -Batman Begins - Blade - Blade II - Blade Trinity - Fantastic 4 - Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer - Hellboy - Hulk - Popeye - Spider-Man - Spider-Man 2 - Spider-Man 3 - Superman Returns - V for Vendetta - X-Men - X2 - X-Men: The Last Stand

Movies & Television based on Comic Books:
Many popular recent movies and television shows have been based on comic book heroes and more are being planned all the time. There are also many others based on comic book "themes" and "superheroes" like Pixar's The Incredibles and NBC's Heroes.

One way to research these is to look in IMDB's keyword search. It works roughly like a "tagging" subject heading system. Here is the page for all the movies tagged "Based on a Comic book": http://www.imdb.com/keyword/based-on-comic-book/
The list of 422 items includes a few television series and is automatically sorted by rating. Sorting it by year is usually more helpful for collection development and will tell you if any new movies are being planned - which would help predict interest in graphic novel versions.

We have also created a list of popular movies based on graphic novels & comic books that can help you find these through library catalogs: Movies Based on Comic Books & Graphic Novels

Movies & Television based on Manga:
For Manga, the animated version, both for movies and television shows, is known as Anime (these are both very basic translations from Japanese - manga simply means comic in Japanese, Anime simple means animated films)

It is very common for a manga series, when it has gathered enough momentum and has a long series of books with a loyal fan base, to be converted to an anime television series. Fruits Baskets, for instance, has been extremely popular both as a Manga series and as a televise Anime series and both have been translated into English.

The website Anime on DVD has a great listing of Anime based on Manga series:
http://www.animeondvd.com/specials/manga/compcharts.php?view=manga